Canada and the First World War

Lieutenant General Sir Sam Hughes, K.C.B., M.P.
Lieutenant General Sir Sam Hughes, K.C.B., M.P.
This portrait captures the pugnacious temperament of Sir Sam Hughes, Minister of Militia and Defence from 1911 to 1916. Hughes was the single most important figure in organizing the initial Canadian war effort. His meddlesome nature, inability to delegate authority, and disagreements with the prime minister over command arrangements contributed to his firing in November 1916.

Lieutenant General Sir Sam Hughes, K.C.B., M.P.
Painted by Harrington Mann
Beaverbrook Collection of War Art
CWM 19710261-0394

Canadian Leaders

Canadian politicians shaped the policy and the country during the First World War. Learn about the leaders, influential politicians and commentators who championed and challenged the government. 


Sir Sam Hughes
Sir Robert Borden
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Henri Bourassa